Memento by Christopher Nola Essay Example For Students

Keepsake by Christopher Nola Essay In the film Memento by Christopher Nolan, switch sequence makes the crowd see Leonard Shelby as a thoughtful casualty. Watchers begin to watch the film when the story has arrived at its end. This confounding plot places the crowd in Shelbys position. They see things from his perspective. Something else that makes Leonard appear as though the casualty is his condition, which doesn't let him gain new experiences. This causes him to give off an impression of being powerless. At long last, the different secretive characters, for example, Natalie and Teddy make Shelby appear the honest casualty. As per what Leonard wrote in the rear of his image, Teddy cannot be trusted. This makes the crowd dubious of him all through the whole film. While watching this film, one must give close consideration. The crowd is similarly as befuddled and uncomfortable with what is happening as Shelby seems to be. It is just as watchers likewise have the condition that Shelby has in view of the converse sequential request this film follows. The crowd, as well, must have that equivalent shock of dread from scene to scene, the acknowledgment that they do not understand where they are or how they arrived. Watchers feel compassion since they begin to see things from Leonards point of view. They believe they have to assist him with discovering his wifes executioner and take all of his little realities into thought to attempt to make sense of the appropriate response. The crowd additionally identifies with Leonard in view of his condition. He experiences an uncommon type of amnesia, which renders him unequipped for holding recollections on a momentary premise. Any piece of data he learns since his physical issue must be recorded or will be immediately overlooked. Therefore, he should utilize a detailed arrangement of notes, photos and even tattoos to keep everything straight. This makes his examination a great deal more troublesome. One produces compassion toward a man who needs to retaliate for his wifes passing regardless of whether he realizes he wont recollect that he did it. This makes it difficult to completely confide in anybody. He believes he can just confide in himself. The compassion develops for Leonard as watchers perceive that he is so helpless against control. Leonards powerlessness to Teddys covetous controls and Natalies alarming untrustworthiness further upgrades the crowds compassion toward him. The unimportant lawbreakers who become a close acquaintence with Lenny for their own disagreeable purposes cause the crowd to feel sorry for him. The two baffling, yet apparently accommodating individuals who could conceivably be as agreeable and supportive to Shelby as they show up, are Teddy and Natalie. These two make Lenny appear as though the casualty since they exploit him. For instance, Teddy exploits his condition when he obliges attempting to discover John G. He utilizes this to make Leonard execute Jimmy Grants so as to get the cash structure a medication bargain. Natalie likewise exploits his condition. She makes Lenny hit her and afterward causes it to appear just as it was Dodd who hit her. She does that since she realizes that Dodd will pursue Leonard, getting him away from her. The regressive narrating and the steady puzzle of who is companion or adversary cause the crowd to feel caring towards Leonard Shelby. As the film unfurls, it turns out to be certain that Leonard is effectively re-composing his past so it will adjust to his inclination for considering himself to be a casualty, guiltless and upright. Since watchers put themselves in Shelbys position and see things through his perspective, they feel compassion toward him. The assurance to discover his wifes executioner makes the crowd presume nothing of him. Something else that makes him appear as though the casualty is his transient memory. .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .postImageUrl , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:hover , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:visited , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:active { border:0!important; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:active , .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enrichment: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1 a7238a95f9e42 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf3f0917974819ff1ad1a7238a95f9e42:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Emotions and sentiments in Star Wars EssayThis makes him defenseless and simple to exploit. Different characters that control Shelby in this film cause the crowd to feel compassion towards him. Each scene illuminates Teddy; he is rarely trusted, however one is never precisely sure why. It might have something to do with the way that the photograph Leonard has of Teddy has the expression Dont trust his untruths composed on the back. Additionally, for what reason is Natalie so ready to support him? Her Polaroid says she will get him out of pity however she likewise exploits him. Its difficult to confide in anybody in this film.

Converse Target Market Analysis Free Essays

The Nike-claimed American sportswear organization has assumed control over its own circulation in China, moved senior promoting staff to China and put Nike advertisement office Wieden Kennedy responsible for a crusade fixated on â€Å"Love Noise,† a narrative film (just as a coordinated showcasing effort) around one of the most quintessential parts of the music world: the excursion. Two groups, 3,584 miles In August 2008, two Beijing-based gatherings †the post-underground rock band P. K. We will compose a custom exposition test on Speak Target Market Analysis or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now 4, effectively one of the most persuasive groups in China, and Queen Sea Big Shark, a cross breed move rock bunch †voyaged in excess of 3,584 miles by transport for about fourteen days. Close by nearby groups in every setting, the two gatherings acted in six Chinese urban areas: Nanjing, Hangzhou, Changsha, Wuhan, Xi’an and Beijing. As the visit and story unfurl, nine included performers uncover their own excursions headed for self-articulation. The narrative was coordinated by Liu Feng, a producer who joined Wieden Kennedy in 2005. The program was made by the autonomous organization with media-arranging support from WPP’s Mindshare. The two organizations additionally work with Nike, which gained Converse in 2003. The narrative turned out a month ago and will be conveyed to shoppers who buy Converse shoes at neighborhood retailers through the finish of March. It’s an unsafe move to adjust Converse’s music-situated U. S. system for China, on the grounds that the country’s free music scene is still little. On visit, obscure groups ordinarily pull in handfuls or several individuals, not thousands. China’s autonomous music scene doesn’t have anyplace close to the mass intrigue it has in the West. It’s at the spearheading stage now, however it is growing,† said Cheryl Calegari, who moved to Shanghai as Converse’s senior advertising chief for Asia/Pacific last January. Close ties with music world Converse has developed close ties with the music world for qu ite a long time. The Chuck Taylor All Star and other Converse shoes have been worn by music legends, for example, Sid Vicious and Blondie, and Converse made an extraordinary version shoe for Kurt Cobain. All through our 100-year history, we’ve consistently praised workmanship, music and style, so it was a characteristic fit for us to be a piece of what’s occurring in China,† Ms. Calegari said. Prior to joining Converse in 2005, she worked with style brands, for example, Tommy Hilfiger and Kenneth Cole. Ms. Calegari showed up in China at about a similar time the Nike auxiliary ventured up its essence in the terrain. It has expanded its showcasing venture and a year ago changed from a permitting arrangement to a merchant model. Talk shoes are presently sold in excess of 1,800 retail outlets in China. Step by step instructions to refer to Converse Target Market Analysis, Papers

Go White Sox!

Go White Sox! I grew up in Elgin, IL and Im a huge White Sox fan (sorry Astro fans). Even though Elgin is northwest of Chicago (and most northsiders are Cubs fans), my dad, grandpa, and great-grandpa were White Sox fans. Not surprisingly, then, my brother and I became White Sox fans too. Of course, Im absolutely giddy that the White Sox are in the World Series and I had the chance to go to games one and two in Chicago this past weekend with my parents and brother. The White Sox havent been in a World Series since 1959 and havent won a World Series since 1917 so I figured I had to take this chance while I could. It may never happen again in my lifetime. I have been going to White Sox games since I was four years old and have a lot of special memories at both the Old Comiskey Park and the newer U.S. Cellular Field. Without a doubt, though, this past weekend, I had the most fun I have ever had at any baseball games. Even now that Im back in Boston, I still get chills thinking about the great pitching and defensive plays, and, of course, the grand slam and Podsedniks walk-off homerun in game two. What was best, though, was seeing how happy my dad was and being able to share all of this with my parents and brother. It didnt matter that it was ridiculously cold each night and raining on Sunday. Seeing our team win two World Series games made us all forget the terrible weather. In fact, the guy sitting in front of us said, isnt this a beautiful night for baseball? We couldnt have agreed more. Here are some pictures of the games as well as my dads scorecards (he keeps score on his palm pilot). You will notice that I look like a gigantic marshmallow in my White Sox parka (and six or seven heavy layers underneath)! Go White Sox! [] A.J. at the plate [] Bobby Jenks on the mound [] Clemens pitching with Everett on first [] Clemens takes the mound [] Clemens windup [] Deleriously happy after the grand slam [] Frank Thomas being introduced [] Harold Baines, Tim Raines, and Joe Cora some of the White Sox coaches [] Jenks and his 100 mph fastball [] Jenks and Konerko [] Jenks, Cooper, Konerko, and Uribe conferring on the mound [] Jenks [] Jermaine Dye, Joe Crede, Juan Uribe, and A.J. Pierzynski during batting practice [] Luis Aparicio throwing out the first pitch [] My brother and me at game 2 [] My family before game 1 [] Paul Konerko [] Poor Cubs fans My dad keeping score on his palm pilot His score cards:

Judicial killings by the Police - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3180 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Topics: Police Essay Did you like this example? In India, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encounter killingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  are tragically common. Encounter killing is now a euphemism to indicate extrajudicial execution by the police in staged à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encounterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  scenarios where persons are killed apparently in exercise of the policeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to self-defence. Incidents of encounter killings are widely reported in news media and are even glorified. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Judicial killings by the Police" essay for you Create order Perpetrators of this brand of violence enjoy impunity and immunity from the criminal justice system. Further, police personnel with special à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“expertiseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in extrajudicial killings are hailed as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encounter specialistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , enjoy key positions in the system and are revered in the State institution and in civil society. This widespread support of encounter killing is also attributable to the fact that, most commonly, victims are those considered anti-social elements with criminal antecedents. The wide prevalence of encounter deaths or extra-judicial killings by the Police and the Armed Forces post independent period has been documented by various human rights organizations. A study conducted by the Asia Pacific Human Rights Network noted that encounter killings were not isolated incidents but occurred throughout India. They are part of a deliberate and conscious state administrative practice for which successive Indian governments must bear responsibility.[1] Indeed, successive Indian governments have adopted a de facto policy sanctioning extra-judicial killings by members of the police forces, army and security personnel. Definitions: Extra judicial killings, as defined in the United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, refers to the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the practice of killing and executing political opponents or suspected offenders carried out by armed forces, law enforcement or other governmental agencies or by paramilitary or political groups acting with the support, tacit or otherwise, of official forces or agencies.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [2] According to Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"encounterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in general means à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“unexpectedly be faced with or experience (something hostile or difficult)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , it can be defined in the context for the present purpose as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an incident in which police shoot dead a suspected criminalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[3] Sir Nigel Rodley, UN Commission on Human Rights Special Rapporteur on Torture (1993-2003),extra-judicial executions as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“killings committed outside the judicial process by or with the consent of, public officials, other than as necessary measures of law enforcement to protect life or as acts of armed conflict carried out in conformity with the rules of international humanitarian law.[4] Amnesty International in a 2003 report characterised an extra-judicial execution as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an unlawful and deliberate killing carried out by order of a government or with its acquiescenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The report further says that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Extra-judicial killings are killings which can reasonably be assumed to be the result of a policy at any level of government to eliminate specific individuals as an alternative to arresting them and bringing them to justice. These killings take place outside any judicial framework.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [5] The phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"encounter killingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is derived from the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"encounterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ as employed by the Indian Police Service, along with the Indian Military and Paramilitary, to describe a specific kind of contact whereby an alleged criminal or person of interest is killed in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"spontaneous, unplanned à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shootoutà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[6] According to Manisha Sethi, a police à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encounter killingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , or, simply, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encounterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is a term with no legal validity but which has seeped via the media into Indian English so surely that it has acquired a life of its own. It refers to a face-to-face interaction between the police and suspects leading to the killing of the suspects.[7] Encounter killings are one element of a broader category called extra-judicial executions. Note that these custodial deaths generally exclude à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ encoun terà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  killings. The police typically claim they killed in self-defence outside police custody.[8] Encounter and Fake encounter à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the Difference: The real encounters means state-owned force or police opens fire on armed criminals, indigenous armed people groups or non-state actors as a retaliatory measure to defend civilians or themselves or safeguard public life or Institutions of public importance like Mumbai attack or 9/11 US attack or Indian parliament attack or attack on police /armed forces convoy. Fake encounter is a murder under the colour of performance of official duty. A fake encounter is where a person has been killed in cold blood, and not in self-defence, whereas a genuine encounter is that in which a person has been killed in self-defence. If somebody is firing at you, and the only way to stop him from killing or grievously injuring you is to shoot back, in that case youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re a part of a genuine encounter Where as a fake encounter is when you catch hold of somebody and kill him in cold blood. There is absolutely no threat to you.[9] In afake encounter, the police or armed forces kill the suspects, when they are either incustodyor are unarmed, and then claim to have shot them in self-defence. In such cases, the police may plant weapons on or near the corpses to provide a justification for killing the individual. To explain the discrepancy between records that show that the individual was in police custody at the time of his encounter, the police may say that the suspect had escaped.[10] It is alleged that police typically take a suspected militant into custody without filing an arrest report. If the suspect died during interrogation, security forces would deny ever taking the person into custody and instead claim that they were killed during an armed encounter.[11]It is alleged that police would add weapons to the dead body to demonstrate cause for killing the individual, stage-managing t he encounter, leading to the popular phrase à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fake encounter killing.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [12]Other similar occasions were that militants were staging an attack, or the suspect attempted to escape to recover militant arms while being escorted. At times, the police applied for and received production warrants, which allowed them to remove individuals accused in terrorism cases from jail. They often killed the detainees in fake encounters outside the jail.[13] The Modus operandi of encounter killings reveals whether it is fake or not. There are certain incidents associated with encounters such as the time and place of occurrence and the arms recovered gives a lead that the encounter was a staged or fake. Most of the staged encounter killings occured in middle of night, large vehicles such as Maruti gypsies, TATA Sumo and van were used for transportation. The place of occurrence was far from human settlement or habitation. Forensic/ballistic examinations of exhibits were mos tly avoided or unduly delayed, and the investigation ultimately fizzled out. There was police patrolling in the crime areas prior to and after, but not during the killings. The Central and State governments generally interpret the word, encounter, to mean genuine encounters, with fake encounters being an exception rather than the rule. Those fighting for civil liberties, however, say that the dividing line between genuine and fake encounters is rather tenuous and argued that most of the cases considered by the police as genuine are indeed fake.[14] Historical Background Killing people in cold-blood and describing the incident as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“an encounter where an exchange of fire took place at the end of which the police discovered some dead bodiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  dates back to the early part of the last century. Perhaps this devious method of killing was invented by the British.[15] A notorious instance of an encounter took place in 1924 when Alluri Sitarama Raju, who le d a tribal upheaval against the British, was killed. However, recent research explored the reality that he was caught and killed in cold-blood without any exchange of fire.[16] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Encounter has been a dirty word in India for decades, especially since the Punjab insurgency ofthe 1980s and 1990s.[17] Since independence encounter killings have been prevalent in the unstable regions such as Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, areas with Maoist presence, the North East, and crime flooded areas of Mumbai.[18] Though today encounter is considered as an operation against terrorism, insurgency and left wing extremism, anti-dacoit, each state in India has its own cause and reason, own story behind the birth of encounters killings. The history of encounters in some of the major states are as follows. Maharashtra Maharashtra was among the first States to introduce à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encounter killingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as a method of policing and has perfected it over time.[19] Encounters fall into two categories in the State à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" shootouts that take place in Mumbai, which are largely underworld-related, and those that take place in the districts, particularly in the naxalite corridor that borders Andhra Pradesh.[20] Police documents say that encounters began in the early 1980s, when the underworld started exercising control over the city, when Gang rivalries were at their peak, the police began to eliminate key gangsters in order to curb crime or even to settle scores and such encounters eventually became a means to break the underworld in the city.[21] But by the early 1990s the after serial bomb blasts of 1993, a special force trained in automatic weaponry was created in the police to combat the underworld terror and finish off gangsters thereby virtually given the licence to kill which later came to be known as the Encounter Specialists. Jammu and Kashmir Encounters have been a regular feature in Jammu and Kashmir for the past 15 years to counter insurgency-related violence. The intensive campaign of encounter killings of civilians by Kashmiri militant groups, started in 1998, continued, and included several political killings. Separatist militants committed numerous, serious abuses, including killing of armed forces personnel, police, government officials, and civilians; torture; rape; and brutality. They also were responsible for kidnaping and extortion in the state.[22] The first encounter that attracted attention was the killing of five people by the police and 7 Rashtriya Rifles in the Pathribal area of south Kashmir on March 25, 2000. This came five days after the massacre of 35 Sikhs by unidentified gunmen in Chhatisinghpora in the valley obviously to invite the attention of visiting United States President Bill Clinton towards Kashmir.[23] The US Department of State estimated the Indian Security forces killed 1520 alleged militants in 2000 and 1082 in 1999, all in encounters, in Jammu and Kashmir.[24 ] North Eastern States For years, security forces inManipurhave faced allegations of human rights violations and extrajudicial killings committed under cover of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA). Irom Sharmila, started a hunger fast in protest against the AFSPA in 2000.[25] In July 2004, the nation was rocked by the protests of a group of Manipuri women who marched to an Assam Rifles base in Imphal, stripped naked and raised a searing banner: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Indian Army Rape Usà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . A fortnight earlier they were protesting the rape, torture and murder of Thangjam Manorama, 32, who was picked up from her home at night by the Assam Rifles.[26] other notable encounters include Azad Khan, Khumbongmayum Orsonjit, Nameirakpam Gobin Meitei, Nameirakpam Nobo Meitei, Elangbam Kiranjit Singh, ChongthamUmakanta and Akoijam Priyobroto.[27] Punjab Most of the police encounters in Punjab were disguised under counter-insurgency between 1984 and 1995. The victim usu ally was a person believed to be a militant or involved in the militant separatist movement. These encounters were reported to local newspapers and to the family members of those killed. Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh, probably the worst affected state with hundreds of such encounters that snatched away the lives of about 4,000 people during the last four decades. It was during the 1940s, more than 3,000 cadres and other persons who participated in the Telangana peasant armed struggle (1946-51) were killed in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“encountersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , most of them being fake.[28] While it was the Nizamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s police that used the liquidat ­ing method during 1946-48, two-thirds of these encounter killings took place under military rule and subsequent civil rule of the government of India between 1948 and 1951.[29] Thus, the then Hyderabad state has the dubious distinction of the first state to kill its own people in the name of encounters in post-1947 India.[3 0] Tamil Nadu Nearly 60 per cent of all cases on extrajudicial deaths are received from the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP), where the victims are usually individuals with criminal backgrounds. In Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and TamilNadu, all the anti-dacoit operations are disguised in the form of encounters. In Tamilnadu the trend of encounter started since 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. Some of the famous encounter killings in Tamilnadu are that of Veerappan, the notorious forest brigand who was killed by the Special Task Force (STF) in 2004, Al-Umma activist Imam Aliand his associates in Bangalore, Venkatesa Pannaiyar, local rowdies like à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Punkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Kumar, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Urundaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Rajan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Manal meduà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Shankar and the more recently the killing of five suspects involved in a bank robbery. Its interesting to note that most of encounters which involved killing of rowdies, gundas, goons and anti-social elements were fake , the people of Tamilnadu appreciate as eliminating them results in maintenance of law and order. The encounter killings of Uttar Pradesh state is discussed in the next chapter. Besides a common national agenda such as anti-terrorism, anti-naxal operations and also anti-dacoit operations encounter killings happens for various other reasons too. Infact most of the fake and staged encounter killings happens for these reasons. Personal vendetta One such factor is the personal vendetta of the police, either towards the fellow police personnel Gonda Encounter case[31] or RTI activists who acts as whistleblowerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s bringing out the truth and justice into limelight.[32] Contract killing Some of the officials who are trained in such encounter become à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"encounter specialistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and later for their personal benefits carry out contract killings by converting these into encounters. Some were acting against rival gangs and bumping off o nly members of a particular gang.[33] The recent judgment of a Delhi court holding guilty ten policemen for the killing of two businessmen in an encounter killing is another example for such killing.[34] To Byepass the enquiry for custodial death There are instances where in order to bypass magisterial enquiry under the amended Section 176(1-A)[35] of the CrPC the custodials death too are converted to encounter deaths. According to section 176(1 A) the Judicial Magistrate or the Metropolitan Magistrate has to enquire into the death of persons in police custody. Peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Watch, in its independent fact-finding, found that most cases of encounter killings, were in fact, custodial deaths where the deceased was already in the custody of the police and that an encounter scenario was staged as though the deceased resisted arrest, in order to bypass the procedure established under Section 176(1-A).[36] [1] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Encounter Killing, Torture and Custodial Deathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  available at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“https://urgentquestions.blogspot.in/2010/12/sunshine-india-encounter-killings.htmlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [2] Sixth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, Caracas, 25 August-5 September 1980: report prepared by the Secretariat (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.81.IV.4), chap. I, sect. B, resolution 5. [3] https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/encounter_2 (Last Accessed March 2014) [4] Nigel S. Rodley and Matt Pollard, The Treatment of Prisoners under International Law 252 (Oxford University Press, Oxford 3rd ed., 2009) [5] Amnesty International, Israel and the Occupied Territories: Israel must put an immediate end to the policy and practice of assassinations, 4 July 2003 available at : https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/056/2003/en/16f1eef4-d6bd-11dd-ab95 a13b602c0642/mde1505620 03en.htm [6] Belur Jyoti, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why do the Police use Deadly Force? Explaining Police Encounters in Mumbaià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , British Journal of Criminology (2009, Nov) [7] Manisha Sethi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake Encounters in India: Instant Justice By Police and Posthumous Trial by Mediaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  available at:https://aparc.stanford.edu/events/fake_encounters_in_india_instant_justice_by_police_and_posthumous_trial_by_media/ (Last Accessed March 2014) [8]Praful Bidwai, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Murder by encounterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , available at: https://www.prafulbidwai.org/index.php?post/2009/10/09/Murder-by-encounter (Last Accessed March 2014) [9] Astha Maheswari, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake encounters in Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  available at https://www.ndtvmi.com/b4/dopesheets/aastha.pdf (Last Accessed March 2014) [10] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounter_killings_by_police [11] US Department of state, India Human Rights Practices, 1993 available at: https://dosfan.lib.uic .edu/ERC/democracy/1993_hrp_report/93hrp_report_sasia/India.html [12] Pepper, DanielIndia Makes a Place for Dirty Harry available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/weekinreview/01pepper.html?_r=1pagewanted=all [13] Communication to Special Rhttps://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/01/weekinreview/01pepper.html?_r=1pagewanted=allepresentative on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders. Ensaaf. 05/12/2006 available at: https://www.ensaaf.org/pdf/un/Bhatti.pdf [14]Venugopal.V, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Evading Guidelinesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 27(17) FRONTLINE (2010, Aug 14-27 [15] Venugopal, N, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake Encounters: Story from Andhra Pradesh 42(41) EPW 4106-11 (2007, Oct) [16] Ibid [17] Anil Kalhan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Human Rights: Quantifying Indias Encounter Deaths And Disappearancesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , SAJA Forum March 13, 2009à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , https://www.sajaforum.org/2009/03/human-rights-quantifying-encounter-deaths-and-disappearances.html (Last Accessed March 2014) [18] R ao, P.Srikrishna Deva, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Encounter Killings in Andhra Pradeshà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  30 EPW 2787-8 (1995, Nov) [19] Katakam Anupama, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 26(20) FRONTLINE (2009, Sep. 26-Oct. 09) https://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2620/stories/20091009262002000.htm [20] Ibid [21] Ibid [22] United States Department of State,2000 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices India, February 23, 2001 available at : https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/sa/717.htm [23] Shujaat Bukhari à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 26(20) FRONTLINE (2009, Sep. 26-Oct. 09) [24] United States Department of State,2000 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices India, February 23, 2001 available at : https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2000/sa/717.htm [25] Teresa Rehman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Murder In Plain Sightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 6 (31) TEHELKA (2009, August 08) available at https://www.tehelka.com/murder-in-plain-sight/ [26] Ibid [27] https://www.hueiyenlanpao.com/headlines/item/8561-extrajudicial-killings-panel-wraps-up-hearing-report-to-be-submitted-in-a-week [28] Supra Venugopal, N, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake Encounters: Story from Andhra Pradesh 42(41) EPW 4106-11 (2007, Oct) [29] Ibid [30]Ibid [31] The1982 Gonda Encounteris an ongoing criminal case involving the murder of 13 people including the Deputy Superintendent of police inGonda districtof the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. A alleged group clash had occurred on the night of 12 March 1982 in Madhavpur village located within the Katrabazar police station area in Gonda district. DSP K P Singh, on getting the information about the criminals Ram Bhulawan and Arjun Pasi, went to the village with the police.KP Singh was later taken to the hospital where doctors declared him brought dead. 12 other people also died who were later declared dacoits by R B Saroj (who was head of police station) and his partners. The police later submitted a report saying the DSP was killed by dacoits in a bomb attack and the policemen killed the dacoits in an encounter. They also showed the bodies of 12 people as evidence. Later it was found that it was a killing motivated by the conduct of an honest officer in this case, Mr Singh who wanted to act against his subordinates who were hand-in-glove with local criminals. After 24 long years of investigation, the special CBI court convicted eight policemen on March 29, 2013. In the trial period of 19 policemen who were charge sheeted, 10 had died and seven had retired. On 5 April 2013, the CBI court judge Rajendra Singh announced death penalty for three policemen and life imprisonment for the five remaining accused. [32] https://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/the-real-truth/entry/encounter-killings-of-rti-activists-gujarat-tops-charts [33] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Fake encounters back in closetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  https://www.asianage.com/mumbai/fake-encounters-back-closet-751 [34] https://www.pucl.org/bull etins/2007/PUCLdec07.pdf [35] After 2005 Amendment of Cr.P.C Section 176(1-A) was included which reads as follows, Where,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  (a) any person dies or disappears, or (b) rape is alleged to have been committed on any woman, while such person or woman is in the custody of the police or in any other custody authorised by the Magistrate or the court, under this Code in addition to the inquiry or investigation held by the police, an inquiry shall be held by the Judicial Magistrate or the Metropolitan Magistrate, as the case may be, within whose local jurisdiction the offence has been committed [36] https://www.peopleswatch.org/dm-documents/Reports/Annual Report/Annual Report 2008-2009.pdf

Procrastination Research - 2781 Words

Academic Procrastination and Academic Achievement Luciano, Kristel Joy A. ABPsych 2-2 Introduction to Psychology Psych 125 Academic Procrastination and Academic Achievement Nowadays, procrastination has been a common phenomenon happening in our daily lives. This practice can be observe almost everywhere, in our home, at work, in different fields and especially at school. In this fast-paced era where everything seems to be moving quite rapidly. Some people find it difficult to manage their tasks and so they tend to result to†¦show more content†¦There are two traditional indicators of academic achievement, namely, grades and highest level of educational attainment. These two indicators are arguably the most important to educators, students, their parents, and those people who make public policy decisions. According to Ablard and Parker (1997) Academic achievement which is also known as academic performance is defined as obtaining high grades and test scores. Also as cited in Bhagat (2013) Ward, Murray-Ward, Stoker said that academic performance is a measure as to the extent to which pre-determined educational goals are achieved which can be done either in continuous assessment (such as assignments) or final examination systems both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. According to Ackerman, Chamorro-Premuzic, amp; Furnham (2010) the educational psychology literature decisively indicates that the psychological variables have an important role in academic performance. Some of the psychological factors that plays an important role to promote or decline academic performance are self-efficacy, achievement motivation, and academic procrastination (Azar, 2013). Recent studies on school children Deary, Strand, Smith, amp; Fernandes, and university students Rohde amp; Thomp son, have confirmed this. Academic procrastination and Academic Achievement There are literatures that suggestsShow MoreRelatedStudent Procrastination And An Open Testing Environment958 Words   |  4 PagesAcademic procrastination is an established area of research in higher education and psychology. This phenomenon has been studied with many forms of student assignments, including those in online courses (e.g., Goda, Yamada, Kato, Matsuda, Saito Miyagawa, 2014; McElroy Lubich, 2013; Klingsieck, Fries, Horz, Hofer, 2012; Rabin, Fogel, Nutter-Upham, 2011). Up to 70% of university students consider themselves to be procrastinators (Goda et al., 2014; Schouwenburg, Lay, Pychyl, Ferrari, 2004)Read MoreWhat I Had A Year1505 Words   |  7 PagesI had a month to finish my research paper. It was a long-term assignment, so I didn’t have to start doing it right away. Surprisingly, I put it off for 26 days and now I only had 4 days to finish it. Knowing the due date was near; I jumped up on my table and started to write. Unfortunately, I couldn’t believe that picking up a tiny topic for my paper was a challenging task for me. Then, I decided to shift it into another day. 3 days left. It was Saturday, so I had to go to work and came home lateRead MoreCauses and Effects of Procrastination764 Words   |  3 Pagesschool, college or even the workplace, many people tend to neglect an assignment that has an approaching deadline. It is merely impossible for people to claim that they have never waited until the last minute to complete a task. Recognizably, procrastination is not an unfamiliar term. I can vividly remember frantically attempting to complete a paper at almost two in the morning, just several hours before it was due. With my eyes heavy and my mind racing back and forth between my laptop screen andRead MoreThe Relationship Between Self-Efficacy and Procrastination Among University Students1344 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Procrastination – a phenomenon that has become increasingly prevalent in contemporary society – has developed to the extent that it not only affects university students, but also the general population. Although the notion of procrastination dates back to approximately 800BC (Steel, 2007), studies up until today have failed to understand the causes of procrastination. Ferrari (1994) argues for this notion stating that procrastination â€Å"remains one of the least understood human miseries†Read MoreA Contagious Disease1565 Words   |  7 Pagesmy case. At 1:00am, you’ll most likely find me at a desk, completing some impending assignments that I decided to do last minute. How did I get here? Well, I’m a victim. No, not of terrorism, and surely not of a deadly contagious disease! But- Procrastination. Chances are, you are too. The habit is often looked and now has intervened its way into society- unfortunately. If you think you’re doing yourse lf a favour, you’re only risking the chances of increased stress and a problematic life. And if it’sRead More Procrastination: Habit or Disorder? Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesProcrastination: Habit or Disorder? Procrastination is the art of keeping up with yesterday and avoiding today. - Wayne Dyer (6) Universally common to college students, procrastination is often addressed as a bad habit. Yet, in most cases, this isnt a nuance, but a perpetual occurrence - no longer qualifying for the term habit. Typically thought of as a behavioral trait, procrastination thrives on a cycle of blame shifting and avoidance. Falling victim to this habit myself, I embarkedRead MoreThe Art Of Procrastination By Robert Benchley1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Art of Procrastination â€Å". . . 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Mock interview Free Essays

Johnson, and we talked a little bit about that company which was about how great that company is. I love Johnson Johnson this company a lot. It survived from World War One, the Great Depression , and World War Two. We will write a custom essay sample on Mock interview or any similar topic only for you Order Now And it is coming much and much stronger, more than ever. We went through some Traditional Interview Questions as well. When he asked me, â€Å"do you prefer working on a team or as an individual contributor? I basically combined my own working experience with it, and I said â€Å"l actually more enjoy working on a team rather than an individual contributor, because I used to work In a restaurant before which Is not a one person’s Job, it takes many people and time to work on it, to manage it, and run It. † As myself, I take every firm and company as a big running machine, and each stuff members are working as a small part and component of this machine. Everyone Is involved, and everyone Is Important as well. In order to make this machine runs, each part and component Is Indispensable. It may start to running If without some part or component, but It won’t work as well as If everyone Is Involved. It was a great experience to having an Interview with him. The whole Interviewing didn’t take too long, and it was only about 20 minutes. But he gave me a very good Impression from the beginning to the end. It Is very Important to have such a mock Interview before we take the real Interview with some big companies. It Isn’t Just gave me the experience, but It also gives me the courage. How to cite Mock interview, Papers

Digital Dilemmas Information Technology

Question: Discuss about the Digital Dilemmas for Information Technology. Answer: Introduction: The Stealthgenie app was designed and marketed by Hammad Akbar in 2014 that helps to track ones partner by tapping their phones and tracking their locations. This smart phone app is highly unethical as it violates ones privacy. It greatly violates ones right to privacy, communication, information and possession. It is a way to hamper ones personal and private belongings. The app helps a person to gain control of ones physical condition by tracking their movement via an online map (Zapotosky, 2017). This essay will present an argument regarding the monitoring of people through a stalker app. This app violates the ethical theory from three perspectives of utilitarianism, deontological and privacy. All these three perspectives present the Stealthgenie app as unethical and pose a threat to ones privacy. The utilitarianism ethics in information technology is defined as the rights or actions that are intended to provide happiness to a large number of people, society or group (Friedman et al., 2013). However, the Stealthgenie app was designed to monitor other peoples activities by tracking their phone calls and gain physical control by tracking their locations via an online map. It is highly unethical and violates a persons personal and physical rights to communication, information, possession or communication (Kernaghan, 2014). It also violates the moral conduct by controlling ones behavior and movement. The inception app is against the utilitarian theory of ethics as it leads to unh appiness among relationships by tracking cheaters in love and the victims of domestic violence people are highly affected. Nevertheless, from a utilitarian point of view, it is controversial as it helped the youngsters and spouses to save themselves from cheaters and people benefit from the app promoting business conduct. However, the Government of Australia said that this kind of surveillance app could be used by parents in tracking their children and monitoring older adults by their caregivers. Surveillance is sub-issue under privacy and it is related to intruding a persons personal information and control over their whereabouts. According to Immanuel Kants deontological theory, it is unethical for the parents to track their children by installing software in their childrens smart phones. It is the complete violation of a child's rights and it is a perfect duty of a person to provide privacy to others by not spying or monitoring them without their knowledge (Raj Roy, 2016). He said ones actions and the outcomes is ones personal and independent thing. It is ones personal behavior to lie or cheat the other person. It is a duty of a person not to lie or cheat other people and monitoring them through a smart phone app is unethical. However, millions of dollars are spent by the information technology companies over surveillance systems to track their employees and monitor their activities. They are used for monitoring web activity, emails and phone calls of the employees. Privacy is an important aspect of information technology ethics. The right to private communication is where a person wants to keep his or her information private. It is ones privacy rights over their personal information, bodies, thoughts and personal communications with others and occupied space (Chadwick, Levitt Shickle, 2014). This app violates a persons privacy by tracking their phone calls. It also violates the right to personal information where a person has the right to share and keep their information only a specific person. The Stealthgenie app also tracks ones location through an online map that violates a persons right to possession. The app installed in the phone of the partners without their knowledge is highly unethical and pose a threat to their privacy. Despite these unethical issues associated with the app, this app gained popularity among the youngsters in catching their cheating lovers and spouses in monitoring their partners. The unauthorized intrusion into one s life poses a threat to relationships and gives rise to serious fights. The domestic violence is a perfect example where this app has greatly hampered. The victims of domestic violence requested to the government to knock down this app as they are abused by their spouses. The main issue related to this phone tracking software is that it threatens individual freedom (Taylor Rooney, 2016). From a parent or spouses point of view, it is an unambiguous question regarding the need for a tracking app. No person or child would accept the fact of being tracked or monitored by tracking software. It damages a persons right to freedom of action. This spying software has gain negative popularity with time as it gives a clear picture of a persons contacts, interactions and relocations. As a matter of fact, the stealth mode is used by governments in defense and not in the case of domestic spying hampering personal privacy. It also violates ones trust among the relationships. Privacy is a utilitarian value as it is important to conceive a persons personal information (Whitten, Hightower Sayeed, 2014). There are consequences like personal embarrassment and financial loss. Moreover, it compromises a persons privacy with a risk to inception that is unlawful. The privacy of women, children and minorities are at risk due to the use of these spying devices. These devices also encourage the invasion of privacy. From a deontological point of view, it is defined as the duties or rights that are focused on the actions that are right not because of its consequences rather right in themselves. Concisely, it is the act that recognizes morality and in respecting the rights of a person in regard to information, communication or possession (Moore Katell, 2015). It is a persons natural fundamental right and it is an important tool for advancing the social structures and does not view it as a platonic thing. Stealthgenie app is a perfect example that demonstrates the different ethical aspects related to information technology and pose a threat to privacy. It made attempts of private invasion and is unethical and illegal in its consequences. It is a complex issue that requires strict vigilance to protect a persons privacy (Levy, 2014). Through these kinds of spying apps, parents, spouses and jealous partners are able to intercept their partners. It is highly unethical and violates a persons right to personal information, communication or possession. Monitoring ones life or spying over their personal interactions and location is unethical from the utilitarian and deontological perspective. As the behavior means that spying others activities promote greater unhappiness among the relationships. The consequences are highly unethical as the spying devices used by people are a medium of abusing their partners. The victims of domestic violence are badly affected by this tracking software. From the informational technologys ethical perspective, it harms a persons privacy and surveillance to a persons personal information is a sub-issue under privacy (Camp, 2015). The manufacturing companies of spying software greatly benefit through these devices by gaining popularity among parents and spouses. However, with time it loses its popularity as the minorities, children and women are abused through these tracking devices. The Australian government has imposed laws like Privacy Act includes Privacy principles that impose strict vigilance towar ds this tracking software and revises the information technology policies to protect ones privacy and respect autonomy (Butler Rodrick, 2015). The government should impose stringent laws against the companies that are intended to make such tracking devices and strict regulation is required over them. Therefore, from any perspective, the stalking and spying apps are unethical and unacceptable. References Butler, D. A., Rodrick, S. (2015).Australian media law. Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Camp, L. J. (2015). Respecting people and respecting privacy.Communications of the ACM,58(7), 27-28. Chadwick, R., Levitt, M., Shickle, D. (Eds.). (2014).The right to know and the right not to know: genetic privacy and responsibility. Cambridge University Press. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P. H., Borning, A., Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Kernaghan, K. (2014). Digital dilemmas: Values, ethics and information technology.Canadian Public Administration,57(2), 295-317. Levy, K. E. (2014). Intimate Surveillance.Idaho L. Rev.,51, 679. Moore, A. D., Katell, M. (2015). Value of Privacy, Security, and Accountability.Security, and Accountability (October 13, 2015). Raj, S. K., Roy, S. (2016). Accounting Theory: An Ethical Perspective of Real Life Scenarios.International Journal of Business and Social Research,6(10), 47-55. Taylor, E., Rooney, T. (2016).Surveillance Futures: Social and Ethical Implications of New Technologies for Children and Young People. Routledge. Whitten, D., Hightower, R., Sayeed, L. (2014). Mobile device adaptation efforts: the impact of hedonic and utilitarian value.Journal of Computer Information Systems,55(1), 48-58. Zapotosky, M. (2017). StealthGenie maker fined for 'stalker' app. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/smartphone-apps/maker-of-smartphone-surveillance-app-fined-avoids-jail-time-20141126-11upqs.html